media giants 

The past decade's wave of media mergers has produced a complex web of business relationships that now defines America's media and popular culture. These relationships offer a massive opportunity for cross promotion and selling of talent and products among different companies owned by the same powerful parent corporation. Examine the charts breaking down what each of the five U.S. media giants now control (as of February 2001). Also included on this list is Bertelsmann AG, which in globalizing has bought up several large American media divisions. Click on each one to see their holdings It is the second largest global media conglomerate, after AOL Time Warner. Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation Ltd. has media holdings in the U.S., Canada, Europe, Australia, Latin America and Asia. This privately-owned German media conglomerate has interests in 600 companies in 53 countries. It's the third largest global media conglomerate. FY 2000 revenues topped $25 billion. This giant's subsidiary Universal Music Group is the number one music company in the world, with roughly 22% of the 1999 global market. The $165 billion mega-merger between AOL and Time Warner, approved by the FCC in January 2001, is the largest media merger in history. The new company promises to offer a powerhouse of integrated communication, media and entertainment across all platforms -- computer, phone, television and handheld wireless devices. Sony made its name with electronics, but it now has more than 1,000 subsidaries worldwide, many of them key media partners.

1.) What are your opinions on the tactics and techniques of the marketing media who are targeting our teenagers? Have they gone too far?

No I do not believe they have gone to far but think that it's actually very clever by digging into the minds of teens in order to find what they like and therefore market according to the their findings

2.) How has the internet changed this?

The internet has changed this because now you can find everything anywhere and more and more people are selling merch making it harder of other companies to advertise 

3.)  RESEARCH AND SUMMARIZE CONDE’ NAST.

Who are they? What do they own? How do they make money and manage customer data?
Condé Nast Inc. is an American mass media company founded in 1909 by Condé Montrose Nast, based at One World Trade Center in Manhattan and owned by Advance Publications.they produces many of the world's best known magazine brands, including Vogue, Glamour, Gentleman's Quarterly, Architectural Digest, Wired, House & Garden, Condé Nast Traveller, Tatler and Vanity Fair.

Jenkins- fandom and participatory culture

Henry Jenkins is an expert in fandom and participatory culture. Key to this idea is the concept of the ‘prosumer’ – audiences that create as well as consume media. This culture has revolutionised fan communities with the opportunity to create and share content. It also links to Clay Shirky’s work on ‘mass amateurisation’.

Participatory culture has been an encompassing concern of much of Jenkins' scholarly work which has focussed on developing media theory and practice principles by which media users are primarily understood as active and creative participants rather than merely as passive consumers and simplistically receptive audiences

Fandom is now big business – with Comic-Con events making millions. More importantly, the internet has demonstrated the size of fan communities so it is no longer a minority of ‘geek’ stereotypes but mainstream popular culture (such as Marvel, Harry Potter or Doctor Who).

https://youtu.be/ZCKoLB1kUsY

Jenkins defends fan cultures and argues that fans are often stereotyped negatively in the media because they value popular culture (e.g. films or games) over traditional cultural capital (high brow culture or knowledge). The irony is fan culture is often dominated by middle class, educated audiences.

Jenkins discusses ‘textual poaching’ – when fans take texts and re-edit or develop their meanings, a process called semiotic productivity. Fan communities are also quick to criticise if they feel a text or character is developing in a way they don’t support.


EU copyright law: a threat to participatory culture?

A new copyright law currently moving through the European Parliament has been described as a potential 'meme-ban'. It would place the responsibility for the distribution of copyrighted material with the platform rather than the user or copyright holder - and therefore could lead to huge amounts of content being removed. If implemented in full, it could end textual poaching, fan-made texts and re-edits and many more examples of fandom and participatory culture. You can read more on the potential implications in this Wired feature.

Henry Jenkins - fandom 

1) What is the definition of a fan?
A fan, or fanatic, sometimes also termed aficionado or supporter, is a person who is enthusiastically devoted to something or somebody, such as a singer or band, a sport or a sports team, a genre, a politician, a book, a movie or an entertainer.

2) What are the different types of fan 
book fan 
movie fan
sport fan
entertainer fan 

3) What makes a ‘fandom’?
A fandom is a subculture composed of fans characterized by a feeling of empathy and camaraderie with others who share a common interest. ... The subject of fan interest can be narrowly defined, focused on something like an individual celebrity, or more widely defined, encompassing entire hobbies, genres or fashions.

4) What is Bordieu’s argument regarding the ‘cultural capital’ of fandom?
fandom is mainly the middle class who can afford all its merchandise and attend conventions. they are devoted to buying and supporting fans. 

5) What are examples of fandom broadening audience?
introduction of merchandise? 

6.) CAN YOU FIND SOME FANDOM OR EXAMPLES OF PROSUMERS FOR EACH OF THE CSP’s?

First list ALL your CSP’s. Then find an example!

https://lbbonline.com/news/sarah-lund-stars-in-save-the-children-xmas-viral/

Or literal music videos?

score ad-  http://komalsmedia.blogspot.com/search?q=score+
Billie jean- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqm0nOUi3Qg&safe=true
letter to the free - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZhnubYeswo&safe=true
Boss life- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzV_lMQaBic&safe=true
No offence- 

Fanatic: a person with an extreme and uncritical enthusiasm or zeal - shortened to fan.

·         Hard core fan: identify themselves as the ‘insiders’ within any given fandom and consider themselves to be aficionados of their chosen media text. They spend a lot of time and often money in becoming hard core fans. They take pride in how long they have been a fan and also the quantity and quality of the knowledge they have amassed whilst being a fan.

·         Newbies: new fans of any given text and do not have the longevity of devotion or depth of knowledge that hard core fans have and are initially viewed as the ‘outgroup’ within fandoms.

·         Anti-fans: those which identify themselves with media texts but negatively so; they loathe or hate the text but unlike ‘true’ fans they do not form their relationship with a text through close readings, they develop their emotional attachment ‘at a distance’ (Gray) through marketing publicity such as trailers. Hills argues that the ‘anti-fan’ seems to be a negative stereotype of a text or genre such as ‘all people who watch chick flicks are dim’ or ‘people who watch horror must be sick in the head’.

Fandoms exhibit a ‘passion that binds enthusiasts in the manner of people who share a secret — this secret just happens to be shared with millions of others.’ Fandoms are subcultures within which fans experience and share a sense of camaraderie with each other and engage in particular practices of their given fandom. Fandoms can be narrowly defined and can focus on something like an individual celebrity, or be more widely defined, encompassing entire hobbies, genres or fashions.

Bordieu argues a kind of ‘cultural capital’ which confers a symbolic power and status for the fan, especially within the realm of their fandom.

Fans use the original media texts and get creative and innovative with the material. Crawford suggests that it is this which distinguishes fans from ordinary consumers. They engage in diverse activities such as ‘the production of websites, mods and hacks, private servers, game guides, walkthroughs and FAQs, fan fiction and forms of fan art, fan vids’ all of which have been aided by digital technology. Digital fandoms use technology in multiple ways and Fiske sees this as the ‘cultural economy’ of fandoms, one that is focused not on making money but on expressing the complex ideas and value systems behind fandoms.

Trailer coursework (first draft)

https://youtu.be/UNSSF1feJ8A

Battle of Brixton

What is Diaspora?

The definition of a diaspora is the dispersion of people from their homeland or a community formed by people who have exited or been removed from their homeland. ... An example of a diaspora is a community of Jewish people settled together after they were dispersed from another land.

Summarize this article;

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4653360.stm

The way that people are portrayed in the media depends on the popularity or interest of that particular story and if it will sell. for example a white British lawyer was murdered and that was all over the news, news people went to the house to get as much info as possible- compared to this Asian man that was killed, it was not mentioned a as big deal or not that much. newspapers argued this was because people don't buy into certain stories. they like female victim stories more than make victims. even children victims are more interesting. this is the same thing with colour stories. 'The way the media portrays people of colour is in a much, much more negative light than they do other people'

What is the value of this news site?

https://www.voice-online.co.uk/

it is Britain favourite black newspaper- dedication to black news 

Answer the following exam question- (25 mins - 25 marks)

To what extent has the internet changed the relationship between producers and audiences and given way to the resistance of stereotypical representations?

the internet has changed the relationship between between producers and the audience by giving the audience a voice so they are now the producers as well. an example of this is social media where people can write their comments and voice there opinion, allowing a wide range of opinions and suggestions. Before there was a distinct distinction between the audience and the producer where typically the producers make the content and we just consumed it. This predates back to newspapers when the internet did not exists and there was no comment section or newspaper of our own. they were controlled by big businesses. now it is much easier to make content through recording and uploading a quick and easy YouTube video. This links to the cultivation theory(Gerbner) where people see others voicing their opinion and see an opportunity and are influenced to hence do the same. furthermore, this gives a resistance of stereotypical representation as by becoming the producer you can be quick to prove your opinion and point, compared to before (using the cultivation theory), we were just the consumers unable to resist and prove wrong the stereotypes represented through old media. Gilroy argues that black people tend to be unrepresented in society and so, an example of a resistance through the internet of stereotypes is the voice newspaper- the most read black British newspaper where they can put black stories that may otherwise be left out of mainstream news. 

on the other hand, arguably while people can voice their opinion on the internet at the same time we are still the audience to big budget news outlets which inevitably drowns our voices. not only does that drown our voices but also there are so many opinions on the internet that most will just be ignored or forgotten and drowned out as many people are talking at once. For example, whilst the voice news website does raise issues about racism, it is still not enough resistance as the big budget ones such as teen vogue will still be heard louder and clear due to it's mass followings and popularity. Furthermore, recording and uploading to YouTube is yes quick and easy but it is still incomparable to the style and format of teen vogue which would be sure to captivate larger audiences. the internet is so saturated with content that there is too much competition. This follows on to cultivation theory where if the news is always given by racist industry's then we begin to belief and follow that ideology-almost as an indoctrination. race in media is nit seen in the eyes of the producers. tho the internet usage is increasing, newspapers are still popular in today's age